China’s management of urbanization is an under-appreciated factor in the regime’s longevity. The Chinese Communist Party fears the emergence of highly unequal megacities with their attendant slums and social unrest, as has occurred in many cities around the world, because such cities might threaten the survival of the regime. To combat the threat, many regimes, including China’s, adopt policies that favor cities. Cities and Stability shows this “urban bias” to be a Faustian bargain: cities may be stabilized for a time, but the massive in-migration from the countryside that results can generate the conditions for political unrest.